Window wells and ladders
The window is only half the escape route. The well has to be big enough to open the window and climb out.
A window well holds the soil back from a below-grade window and gives someone room to climb out. For an egress window, the code sets a minimum size: at least 9 square feet of floor area, at least 36 inches out from the wall and 36 inches wide, and big enough that the window can open all the way.
When does a well need a ladder?
Once the well is deeper than 44 inches, it needs a ladder or steps that are permanently attached and usable with the window open. The ladder has to be at least 12 inches wide inside, stand at least 3 inches off the well wall, and have rungs no more than 18 inches apart. A ladder or steps may stick up to 6 inches into the required well size. Fargo also accepts a permanent platform at least 30 by 16 inches that brings the climb to 42 inches or less, or terraced wells.
Common well materials
- Galvanized steel. Corrugated metal wells are common and affordable, but older ones rust at the bottom and bend under soil pressure.
- Molded composite or plastic. Lighter-colored wells with built-in steps reflect more light into the room and don't rust.
- Terraced or landscape-block wells. Wider, stepped wells that double as a way out and a planter.
Drainage in heavy clay
Clay soils don't let water soak away quickly, and the water table near the Sheyenne can run high in spring. Minnesota's residential code says window wells must connect to the foundation drain system or another approved method unless the soil is well-drained sand or gravel. Ask the installer how water at the bottom of the well will get out: a drain tied into the drain tile, a gravel bed, or both.
Replacing an old well
- The bottom has rusted through or the sides are bowed in
- Soil is washing in at the edges
- The well pulled away from the foundation
- It's too small to open the window fully
The installer prices the job after seeing the wall, the yard and the room. We don't quote prices, and any number given over the phone before someone has looked at your foundation is only a rough starting point.
Where we connect you with help
Common questions
Can I use a step stool instead of a ladder?
No. The code calls for a ladder or steps permanently attached and usable with the window fully open. A loose stool doesn't count.
Why does my window well fill with water?
Usually because it has no drain, the drain is plugged, or the yard slopes toward the house. In clay soil, water has nowhere else to go.
Related services
- Basement egress window installation
- Cutting and enlarging openings
- Window well covers
- Basement bedroom code compliance
More background: Fargo egress window guide.
Finishing the basement or adding a bedroom down there?
Call now and a local egress window installer will help you plan the opening, the well and the permit.